Call the original price of the goods, P
After a 30% discount the price is .7P
And...after a 20% discount on this the final price is (.7P) (.8) = .56P
So...the discount is just [ P -.56P] = .44P
And the merchant's claimed discount is .50P
So....the difference between the true discount and merchant's claimed discount is
l .44P - .50P l = l -.06P l = .06P = [ 6 % of the original price ]